so air and this study we investigated
male female difference in acclimation to high
salt specifically the challenger mean and female
rats with i so bad for five
days then we assist them sodium content
and different compartment both iran's serum skank
content as well as the arm
mustard content we look back to the
body water as well as sodium transport
an expression in the kidney and we
found that of the males exhibit at
the typically an increase in urinary sodium
excretion reaching more or less a steady
state by by three to five days
however and i'm in a striking difference
which seen that
females exhibited a more robust increase in
urinary so demonstration starting on the initial
day of the that result challenge
on the other hand males exhibited an
increase in the on
circulating level of sodium in total body
water so so overall we've seen that
the female sex come from
i'm i'm
a higher capacity to maintain sodium homeostasis
during a date result challenge and then
we investigated whether the contribution of putting
them into ellen system one to their
six discrepancy
we hypothesized that this is related to
a more active renal into filling one
signaling in the female kidney
and we indeed found that the female
kid a female it's creating more up
in the villain one be died in
their urine compared to males and this
is also and they are showing an
expression profile further downstream a factor in
illinois receptor a and be in favor
of natural resources and a female kidney
we also conducted on a sequence same
for kidneys and found that and fill
in one signaling pathway was a richer
than the female kidney
finally we also to bring back to
clinical relevance we assist different sodium to
be lottery actors in urine ah from
human subjects both men and women and
we found that
indeed women are executing more up be
and the villain one that died in
their urine which was not true for
other factor that would look that including
others iran norepinephrine nitric oxide another signally
censor over overall that kind of shows
that the female kidney has this higher
capacity
him to maintain sodium homeostasis during that
result changes a lot of every know
into the and system as a major
player
in this sex difference
one of the common questions we usually
a get is about the contribution of
a sex hormones is it is it
because of the female sex the roads
that a that up the females are
having this more robust capacity to acclimate
and we indeed moved forward with that
question and me we've looked into the
impact of over yet to me
and we found that this adam
an adult the probation out where moans
our results in a think in be
naturally reasoned response to high school died
and we we found also that we
when we supplement yesterday or back to
those are right demise on animals that
were able to ah
restore the enhanced naturally says to just
the god and that the estrogen is
a major player in this on sex
difference and ceremonies phases we have a
particular interest in the novel estrogen receptor
or that protein coupled estrogen receptor one
and we found that specifically activating that
receptor
i'm in the kidney results an increase
in sodium excretion if we activated systemically
were also able to lower blood pressure
which are points to that as a
novel target for lowering blood pressure
that we have
few experiments that were trying to follow
up on this recent study because it
was very exciting for us to see
this out
kind of new observation which challenges kind
of a central dogma renal physiology of
this more around longer time to be
taken to achieve the the state so
one of those that own experimentation is
to on confirmed that the culture relationship
between reno into the
lynn system and this sex difference in
acclimation lysol so we are testing whether
located of the end of the like
receptor both a t a and e
t v receptors would eliminate this are
enhanced capacity of the female kidney to
excrete sold and indeed our preliminary data
are showing that
a located of those receptor eliminates the
sex difference or will following up with
that line
by looking also to other of sodium
to be like three factors particularly nitric
oxide signaling in that context
we're also trying to expand on the
clinical relevance which were we're we're trying
to test the question about the contribution
of men are goes through this ah
sex differences in the capacity of the
kidney to excrete salt so we're recruiting
both premenopausal post menopausal women with or
with or without homo
under placements or therapy to see how
they handled by it result challenges
yeah i think i'm the take home
message in this study is as that
we have we and many other studies
or highlighting the value of the inclusion
of sex and gender as a by
logic and variable although the nih has
mandated that years ago we definitely still
have a way to go to improve
not only a
inclusion of women into clinical trials but
also data analysis and they carry ordained
by stratification based on their gender
this is this is particularly relevant
because of data showing that women report
on having some optimal cared for cardiovascular
disease so as we build up more
knowledge about each seattle's yeah battle physiology
of the cardiovascular health systems in women
that definitely can optimize the care that
can be provided to
them at different stages of their lives
including the postmenopausal stage
i think this is particularly relevant as
we were moving forward towards the personalized
medicine era